Integrated modeling is a research area that involves combining various models and techniques from different disciplines to study complex systems or processes. By integrating different models, researchers aim to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the system and its interactions. This approach allows for a more holistic and realistic representation of the system, as it takes into account the multiple factors and variables that contribute to its behavior. Integrated modeling is commonly used in fields such as environmental science, economics, and social sciences to address interdisciplinary research questions and inform decision-making processes.